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الاستقراء والمنهج العلمي

الاستقراء والمنهج العلمي

  • تدمك:
  • المؤلف: محمود زيدان
  • الناشر: دار النهضة العربية للنشر والتوزيع
  • كل الاقسام: المنطق
  • سنة النشر: 01 Jan 1970.
  • عدد مرات التحميل: 502882 مرّة / مرات.
  • تم نشره في: الإثنين , 14 ديسمبر 2015م.

وصف الكتاب:

يتناول هذا الكتاب تصور "الاستقراء"، كيف بدأ، كيف تطور، وما وصل إليه حاله الآن. أما غرض الكتاب فهو الإشارة إلى ثلاثة أفكار: الأولى منها أن ليس لكلمة استقراء معنى واحد، وإنما لها معان متعددة، الفكرة الثانية هي لتمييز بين المنهج الاستقرائي والمنهج العلمي"، الفكرة الثالثة، هي الإشارة إلى خطأ من يتحدث عن المنهج العلمي كمنهج لا يأتيه الشك من بين يديه ولا من خلفه، أو كمنهج يتضمن اليقين والصحة المطلقة. وليحقق المؤلف غرضه من الكتاب قسم موضوع دراسته إلى تسعة فصول: ضمت الأول كلمة موجزة عن المنطق الصوري والاستدلال القياسي وأشار في الثاني إلى أول من استخدم الاستقراء وهو أرسطو، اعترافاً بفضله، كما وضمت هذا الفصل حديثاً عن نوعي الاستقراء الأرسطي هما "الاستقرار التام، وما سمي من بعد "الاستقراء الحدسي". أما الفصل الثالث فجعل بمثابة مقدمة للاستقراء التقليدي، وفيه أشار الباحث إلى نشأته وإلى قيمة الملاحظة والتجربة من البحث العلمي، وإلى ضرورة تكوين القروض العلمية، وخصص الفصل الرابع للاستقراء كما تصوره بيكون: أما في الفصل الخامس فلخص موقفه الدفاعي عن أساسي الاستقراء محاولاً البرهنة عليهما، وفي الفصل السادس أشار إلى فكرتين لدافيد هيوم هما موقفه من مبدأي العلية واطراد الحوادث، أما الفصل السابع فخصصه لشرح كلمة احتمال وما يدور حولها من نظريات. أما موضوع الفصل الثامن فجعله يدور حول المنهج العلمي المعاصر أو "المنهج الفرضي" وفيه أشار إلى اختلاف هذا المنهج من المنهج الاستقرائي التقليدي. وفي الفصل الأخير وهو التاسع أشار إلى مشاركة الفلسفة التحليلية المعاصرة في تقويم المنهج العلمي.

site.similarbooks

شاهد المزيد
الكلام الآخر
الكلام الآخر
  • تدمك:
  • المؤلف: أنطوان ماضي
  • الناشر: دار العلم للملايين
  • كل الاقسام: المنطق
النسخة الورقية 25.69 AED
مدخل إلى علم المنطق
مدخل إلى علم المنطق
  • تدمك:
  • المؤلف: جمال ضاهر
  • الناشر: دار الفارابي للنشر والتوزيع
  • كل الاقسام: المنطق
النسخة الورقية 35.00 AED
ابن رشد نص تلخيص منطق أرسطو المجلد الخامس (كتاب أنالوطيقي الثاني أو كتاب البرهان)
ابن رشد نص تلخيص منطق أرسطو المجلد الخامس (كتاب أنالوطيقي الثاني أو كتاب البرهان)
  • تدمك:
  • المؤلف: ابن رشد
  • الناشر: دار الفكر اللبناني
  • كل الاقسام: الفلسفة القديمة والوسطى والشرقية, المنطق
النسخة الورقية 19.00 AED
ابن رشد نص تلخيص منطق أرسطو المجلد الرابع (كتاب أنالوطيقي الأول أو كتاب القياس)
ابن رشد نص تلخيص منطق أرسطو المجلد الرابع (كتاب أنالوطيقي الأول أو كتاب القياس)
  • تدمك:
  • المؤلف: ابن رشد
  • الناشر: دار الفكر اللبناني
  • كل الاقسام: الفلسفة القديمة والوسطى والشرقية, المنطق
النسخة الورقية 26.00 AED
ابن رشد : تلخيص منطق أرسطو
ابن رشد : تلخيص منطق أرسطو
  • تدمك:
  • المؤلف: ابن رشد
  • الناشر: دار الفكر اللبناني
  • كل الاقسام: الفلسفة القديمة والوسطى والشرقية, المنطق
النسخة الورقية 121.00 AED
البصائر النصيرية في علم المنطق
البصائر النصيرية في علم المنطق
  • تدمك:
  • المؤلف: زين الدين عمر بن سهلان الساوي
  • الناشر: دار الفكر اللبناني
  • كل الاقسام: المنطق
النسخة الورقية 22.00 AED
جمهورية أفلاطون : المدينة الفاضلة كما تصورها فيلسوف الفلاسفة
جمهورية أفلاطون : المدينة الفاضلة كما تصورها فيلسوف الفلاسفة
  • تدمك:
  • المؤلف: أحمد المنياوي
  • الناشر: دار الكتاب العربي للطباعة والنشر والتوزيع- مصر
  • كل الاقسام: الفلسفة وعلم النفس, المنطق
النسخة الورقية 39.00 AED
الشمسية في القواعد المنطقية
الشمسية في القواعد المنطقية
  • تدمك:
  • المؤلف: مهدي فضل الله
  • الناشر: المركز الثقافي العربي
  • كل الاقسام: المنطق
النسخة الورقية 26.00 AED
اللسان والميزان ،أو، التكوثر العقلي
اللسان والميزان ،أو، التكوثر العقلي
  • تدمك:
  • المؤلف: طه عبد الرحمن
  • الناشر: المركز الثقافي العربي
  • كل الاقسام: المنطق
النسخة الورقية 59.00 AED
المنهجية الأصولية والمنطق اليوناني
المنهجية الأصولية والمنطق اليوناني
  • تدمك:
  • المؤلف: حمو النقاري
  • الناشر: الشبكة العربية للأبحاث
  • كل الاقسام: المنطق, الفلسفة الإسلامية
النسخة الورقية 26.00 AED
القائمة البريدية

اشترك الان في النشرة الاٍخبارية و ترقب استقبال افضل عروضنا علي بريدك الاٍلكتروني

روابط سريعه
قائمة الكتب

جميع الحقوق محفوظة © 2020

MessagesTimelineExceptionsViews24RouteQueries49Models188MailsGateSessionRequest
7.4.33PHP Version254msRequest Duration6MBMemory UsageGET b-{book}Route
    • Booting (84.35ms)
    • Application (168ms)
    • 1 x Application (66.36%)
      168.46ms
      1 x Booting (33.23%)
      84.35ms
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      • guest.home.book (resources/views/guest/home/book.blade.php)2blade
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      • guest.home.book (resources/views/guest/home/book.blade.php)2blade
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      • guest.home.book (resources/views/guest/home/book.blade.php)2blade
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      • guest.home.book (resources/views/guest/home/book.blade.php)2blade
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      bookmart_bookmart
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        • 23. /vendor/facade/ignition/src/Views/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:36
        • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:143
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        • 18. /app/Models/BaseModel.php:17
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        • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:59
        • 23. /vendor/facade/ignition/src/Views/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:36
        • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:143
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        • 25. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:143
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        • 25. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:143
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        • 18. /app/Models/BaseModel.php:17
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        • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:143
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        • 18. /app/Models/BaseModel.php:17
        • 20. view::guest.home.book:28
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        • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:143
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        • 25. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:143
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        • 18. /app/Models/BaseModel.php:17
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        • 18. /app/Models/BaseModel.php:17
        • 20. view::guest.home.book:28
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        • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:143
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        • 25. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:143
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        • 19. /app/Models/BaseModel.php:17
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        • 25. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:143
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        • 18. /app/Models/BaseModel.php:17
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        • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:143
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        • 18. /app/Models/BaseModel.php:17
        • 20. view::guest.home.book:28
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        • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:143
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        • 25. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:143
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        • 19. /app/Models/BaseModel.php:17
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        • 25. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:143
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        • 18. /app/Models/BaseModel.php:17
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        • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:143
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        • 18. /app/Models/BaseModel.php:17
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        • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:143
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        • 19. /app/Models/BaseModel.php:17
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        • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:59
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        • 25. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:143
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        • 19. /app/Models/BaseModel.php:17
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        • 25. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:143
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        • 18. /app/Models/BaseModel.php:17
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        • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:143
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        • 18. /app/Models/BaseModel.php:17
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        • 23. /vendor/facade/ignition/src/Views/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:36
        • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:143
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        • 19. /app/Models/BaseModel.php:17
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        • 25. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:143
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        • 18. /app/Models/BaseModel.php:17
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        • 18. /app/Models/BaseModel.php:17
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        • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:143
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        • 19. /app/Models/BaseModel.php:17
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        • 25. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:143
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        • 19. /app/Models/BaseModel.php:17
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        • 25. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:143
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        • 18. /app/Models/BaseModel.php:17
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        • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:143
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        • 18. /app/Models/BaseModel.php:17
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        • 23. /vendor/facade/ignition/src/Views/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:36
        • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:143
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        • 19. /app/Models/BaseModel.php:17
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        • 25. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:143
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        • 19. /app/Models/BaseModel.php:17
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        • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:59
        • 24. /vendor/facade/ignition/src/Views/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:36
        • 25. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:143
      • select `categories`.*, `book_category`.`book_id` as `pivot_book_id`, `book_category`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id` from `categories` inner join `book_category` on `categories`.`id` = `book_category`.`category_id` where `book_category`.`book_id` = 13926
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        • 18. /app/Models/BaseModel.php:17
        • 20. view::guest.home.book:24
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        • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:143
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        • 18. /app/Models/BaseModel.php:17
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        • 23. /vendor/facade/ignition/src/Views/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:36
        • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:143
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        • 19. /app/Models/BaseModel.php:17
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        • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:59
        • 24. /vendor/facade/ignition/src/Views/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:36
        • 25. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:143
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        • 19. /app/Models/BaseModel.php:17
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        • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:59
        • 24. /vendor/facade/ignition/src/Views/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:36
        • 25. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:143
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        • 18. /app/Models/BaseModel.php:17
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        • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:59
        • 23. /vendor/facade/ignition/src/Views/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:36
        • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:143
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        • 18. /app/Models/BaseModel.php:17
        • 20. view::guest.home.book:28
        • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:59
        • 23. /vendor/facade/ignition/src/Views/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:36
        • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:143
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        • 14. /app/Http/View/Composers/LayoutComposer.php:18
        • 16. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Container/Container.php:843
        • 17. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Container/Container.php:681
        • 18. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Application.php:785
        • 19. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Container/Container.php:629
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        Metadata
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        Backtrace
        • 16. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Support/Traits/ForwardsCalls.php:23
        • 19. /app/Content/Models/PagesRepository.php:48
        • 20. /app/Content/ContentProvider.php:45
        • 21. view::guest.layout.footer:1
        • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:59
      App\Content\Models\DataBaseModel
      1
      App\Models\Product
      11
      App\Models\Category
      143
      App\Models\Publisher
      11
      App\Models\Author
      11
      App\Models\Book
      11
          _token
          eTOrYMIKzjLpIxLrAlBPIPei5oQLpzRx5QbyWNl3
          _previous
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          _flash
          array:2 [ "old" => [] "new" => [] ]
          PHPDEBUGBAR_STACK_DATA
          []
          path_info
          /b-27418
          status_code
          200
          status_text
          OK
          format
          html
          content_type
          text/html; charset=UTF-8
          request_query
          []
          request_request
          []
          request_headers
            0 of 0   
          array:11 [▶
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  ]
  "cache-control" => array:1 [▶
    0 => "no-cache"
  ]
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  ]
  "via" => array:1 [▶
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  "host" => array:1 [▶
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  "QUERY_STRING" => ""
  "REQUEST_METHOD" => "GET"
  "SERVER_PROTOCOL" => "HTTP/1.1"
  "GATEWAY_INTERFACE" => "CGI/1.1"
  "REDIRECT_URL" => "/public/b-27418"
  "REMOTE_PORT" => "34923"
  "SCRIPT_FILENAME" => "/home/bookmart/domains/bookmart.ae/public_html/public/index.php"
  "SERVER_ADMIN" => "webmaster@bookmart.ae"
  "CONTEXT_DOCUMENT_ROOT" => "/home/bookmart/domains/bookmart.ae/public_html"
  "CONTEXT_PREFIX" => ""
  "REQUEST_SCHEME" => "http"
  "DOCUMENT_ROOT" => "/home/bookmart/domains/bookmart.ae/public_html"
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  "SERVER_PORT" => "80"
  "SERVER_ADDR" => "108.181.242.5"
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  "SERVER_SOFTWARE" => "Apache/2"
  "SERVER_SIGNATURE" => ""
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