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القيم الأخلاقية في دبلوماسية النبي محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم : دراسة مقارنة في القانون الدولي العام

القيم الأخلاقية في دبلوماسية النبي محمد صلى الله عليه وسلم : دراسة مقارنة في القانون الدولي العام

  • سنة النشر: 01 Jan 1970.
  • عدد مرات التحميل: 502882 مرّة / مرات.
  • تم نشره في: الإثنين , 14 ديسمبر 2015م.

وصف الكتاب:

الدبلومَاسِيَّة علْم وَفن تَمْثِيل وَإِدَارَةِ العِلاقَاتِ الدُّوَلِيَّة. فَالدبلومَاسِيَّة عِلْمٌ لأنَّهَا تَتَضَمَّن قَوَاعِد ثَابِتةً لا يَدِركهَا إِلا الدَارِسُونَ وَالمُتَخَصصونَ بِهَذَا العِلْم. وَالدِبلومَاسِيَّة فَنٌ، لأنَّهَا لا تمَارس إِلا منْ كَانَ يَتَمَتَّع بِمُوهبةٍ خَاصَّة تُؤهلَهُ مُمَارَسَتهَا. وَأَصْبَحَتْ الدبلومَاسِيَّةَ سِمةَ الشَخْصيَّةِ الْعَالِيةِ الَّتِي يَتَمَتَّع بِهَا الشَخْص فِي إدَارَةِ عَائِلَتهِ وَتَنْظِيمِ عِلاقَتهِ بِأَصْدِقَائهِ، وَإِدَارَةِ عَمَله وَممَارَسَةِ حِرفَتهِ، وَتَنْظِيمِ عِلاقَتهِ بالْمُجْتَمع. فهِيَ قِيَمٌ وَأَخْلاقٌ وَتعَاملٌ، وَابتسَامةٌ، وَفِهم المُقَابلْ، وَتَقَدْير الموَاقفِ، وَإدرَاك السرَائرِ، وَكَظم الغَيظِ، وَإيصَال المطلوب بِحْكمَةٍ وَرَويةٍ. وَإِذَا كَانَتْ الدِبلومَاسِيَّة مُصْطَلَحاً غَربياً لَمْ تسْتعْمِلهُ العَرَبُ، إِلا أَنَّهُمْ سَبروا مفَاهِيمهَا الْخَاصَّة. وَعَرفُوا قَوَاعِدهَا قَبْلَ أَنْ يَعرفهَا الْغَرْب بالآلاف من السِنِين. فَنَظمُوا الْعَلاقَة بَيْنَ أركَانهَا الثَّلاثَة، الْمُرْسل وَالرِسَالَة وَالْمُرْسَل إِلَيْهِ. فَاخْتِيَار الرَّسُول، تَعُود لِحِكمَةِ الْمُرْسل باخْتِيَارِ مَنْ هُوَ القَادر عَلَى حَمْلِ الرِسَالَة. وَقَدْرةُ الرَّسُول عَلَى إيصَالِ مَا كُلف بِهِ، وَقَدْرته عَلَى شَرْح مَضْمُونهَا وَالْمُحَافَظَة عَلَى أهدافهَا بِالشّكل الَّذِي يحقق أهدَافهَا ويوصل ما انْطوتْ عَلَيْهِ. والإِسْلامُ رِسَالَةٌ مِنَ اللَهُ تَعَالَى إِلَى النَّاسِ كَافَّة يَحْمِلَهُا النَّبِيّ مُحَمَّد ، يَتَوَلَّى إيصَالَ نصُوصهَا، وَشَرحَ مَضْمُونهَا. وَتَتَضَمَّنُ هَذِهِ الرِسَالَةُ مَنهَجاً وَاسعاً لِحَيَاةِ الْبشَر، وَالتَنْظِيم الإِنْسَانِيّ. بتَنْظِيم عَلاقَة الإِنْسَانِ بخَالِقهِ، وَعَلاقَة الإِنْسَانِ بالإِنْسَانِ، وَعَلاقَة الإنسان بنفسه. وَقَدْ تَوَلَّى اللَهُ تَعَالَى تَنْزِيهَ النَّبِيِّ مُحَمَّدٍ  مِنْ أدرَانِ الْجَاهِلِيَّة، بِعِلوِ خُلقهِ وَحُسْن خِلقَتهِ وَكَمَالها، وَبْناء شَخْصيَّتِه وفق مَنهَجٍ رَبَانِي كَبِيرٍ. فَقَدْ كَانَ النَّبِيُّ مُحَمَّد  أجُودَ النَّاسِ كَفاً، وَأشرَحَهُمْ صَدراً، وَأصْدقَهُمْ لَهْجَةً، وَألْيَنهُمْ عَرِيكةً، وَأكرمَهمْ عِشرةً، مَنْ رَآهُ بَديهة هَابَهُ، وَمَنْ خَالَطهُ مَعْرِفَة أحبَّه، فَقَدْ أغَاثَ اللَهُ تَعَالَى بِهِ الْبَشَرِيَّة المُتَخَبطَةَ فِي ظُلمَاتِ الشِّرْكِ وَالْجَهْل وَالخرَافة، فكَشْفَ بِهِ الظّلمَةَ، وَأذهبَ الغُمَةَ، وَأصلح الأمَّة، وَصَارَ هُوَ الإمَامُ المُطْلَق فِي الَهُدَى لبْني آدَم وَآخِرهِمْ، فَهَدَى اللَهُ بِهِ مِنَ الضْلالةِ، وَعلّمْ بِهِ مِنَ الجهَالةِ، وَأرشْدَ بِهِ مِنَ الغُوَايةِ، وَفَتَحَ بِهِ أعْيناً عَميَا، وَآذاناً صَمَا، وَقلُوباً غُلفَا، وَكثَّر بِهِ بَعْد القِلةِ، وَأعزَّ بِهِ بَعْد الذِلةَ، وَأغنى بِهِ بَعْد العِيلةِ. عرّف النَّاسَ ربَّهمْ وَمَعْبُودَهمْ غَايَة مَا يُمْكِنُ أَنْ تَنَالَهُ قُوَاهمْ مِنَ المَعْرِفةِ، وَلَمْ يَدَعْ لأمَتهِ حَاجةٍ فِي هَذَا التَعرِيفِ، لا إِلَى مَنْ قبْله، وَلا إِلَى مَنْ بَعْدِهْ، بَلْ كَفَاهمْ، وَشَفَاهمْ. فَكَانَ النَّبِيُّ  عَارفاً بِأَحْوالِ العَرَبِ، سَابراً أغُوَارَ مِحَنِهِمْ، قَادِراً عَلَى مُعَالجَةِ عِللَهم، عَالماً بِدقَائقِ أَحْوالَهم، مُطَلعَاً عَلَى مِحَنِهِمْ وَمُعَانَاتِهِمْ. لَهذَا فَقَدْ نَجَحَ فِي حَملِ رِسَالَة الخَالقِ إِلَى الأمَّةِ، بأسْلوبٍ حَضَارِي. وَتُمثلُ شَخْصيَّة الرَّسُولِ الْقَيم الدِبلومَاسِيَّةَ الْحَضَاريَّةَ الْقَائِمَةَ عَلَى الأخْلاقِ وَالفَضِيلَةِ وَالْقيمِ الإِنْسَانِيَّةِ. فَاجْتَمَع فِيهِ حُسْن الخُلقِ، وَنفَاذِ الشَخْصيَّةِ، وَحُسْنُ الطوِيةِ فِي كَسبِ مَودةِ العَرَبِ وَالنَفَاذ إِلَى قُلُوِبِهِمْ، وَقلع الشِّرْك المُتأَصل مِنْ جُذُورهِ. فَبَدأَ مِنْ أطراف الْمُجْتَمعِ وَعَامةِ النَّاسِ، فِي نَشْرِ الرِسَالَةِ ليَصعدُ بِهَا إِلَى القِمَةِ. فبدأ بالْفُقَرَاءِ لأنَّهُمُ مَادةَ الرِسَالَةِ الإِسْلامِيَّةِ، وَمِنْ ثُمَّ إِلَى أعَالي الْقَوْم، بَدأَ بِمَكَّةِ لأنَّهَا مَعبد الأوثَانِ وَعقَال الشِركِ، ليَهزَ الظُّلم فِي عَقرِ دَارِهِ، سَالكاً أسلُوبَ التَرفَعِ وَالإباءِ وَعَدَمَ مهَادنةِ الْبَاطِلِ، وَالسِير باتجَاه الْعَدْل، وَإحقَاقِ الْحَقّ بِكُل جَوَانِبهِ. وَنَحنُ نَسْتَخْدِمُ الْمُصْطَلَحَاتَ الْحَدِيثةَ، لا يَعنِي قُصُور الشَّرِيعَةِ الإِسْلامِيَّةِ، بَلْ لتَقْريبِ مَوْضُوعاتٍ مِنْ ذِهنِيةِ القَارئ الْكَرِيمِ، وَالتعَاملُ فِي ضَوْء الْعَصْرِ الرَاهنِ وَمَا يَحْمِلَهُ مِنْ معَانٍ وَمُصْطَلَحَاتٍ. فَالَهُدَف مِنْ هَذِهِ الدِّرَاسَةِ هُوَ تَوضِيحِ دِبلومَاسِيَّة النَّبِيِّ مُحَمَّدٍ، مَعَ الإلمَامِ بالقَوَاعِدِ الدِبلومَاسِيَّةِ الْمُعَاصِرَةِ وَمُقَارَنَتهَا مَعَ أَحْكَامِ الشَّرِيعَة الإِسْلامِيَّةِ  فِي هَذَا الْمَجَال. وَسَنَتَنَاوَل، شَخْصيَّةَ النَّبِيِّ  القَانُونِيَّةِ بِوَصفهِ رَسُولاً مِنَ اللَه إِلَى النَّاسِ كَافَّة، يَحْمِلُ رِسَالَةً وَهي الإِسْلامُ، وَمُوَاصَفَاته الدِبلومَاسِيَّة الَّتِي يَتَمَتَّعُ بهَا، وَالتِزَامه بِحَملِ الرِسَالَةِ وَنَشرهَا لِلنَّاسِ كَافَّةٍ، وَتَنَظِيمُ العِلاقَاتِ الدُّوَلِيَّة الَّتِي حَصَلتْ فِي عَهْدهِ، وَالْمُعَاهَدَاتِ الدُّوَلِيَّة الَّتِي عَقَدْهَا النَّبِيُّ ، وَتَسْوِيَة المنِّازَعَاتِ الدُّوَلِيَّةِ، وَالحَصَانَاتِ وَالامْتِيَازاتِ الَّتِي يَتَمَتَّعُ بهَا الرُّسُل.

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      uri
      GET b-{book}
      middleware
      web
      uses
      App\Http\Controllers\Guest\Books\DetailsController@__invoke
      controller
      App\Http\Controllers\Guest\Books\DetailsController
      namespace
      App\Http\Controllers\Guest
      prefix
      where
      as
      books.details
      49 statements were executed, 10 of which were duplicated, 39 unique24.84ms
      • select * from `books` where `id` = '37954' and `hidden_at` is null limit 1
        1.96ms/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ImplicitRouteBinding.php:38bookmart_bookmart
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        • 17. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Router.php:788
        • 18. middleware::bindings:39
        • 19. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Pipeline/Pipeline.php:171
        • 20. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Http/Middleware/VerifyCsrfToken.php:77
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        • 13. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Support/Traits/ForwardsCalls.php:23
        • 15. /app/Http/Controllers/Guest/Books/DetailsController.php:16
        • 18. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45
        • 19. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:219
        • 20. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:176
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        • 14. /app/Http/Controllers/Guest/Books/DetailsController.php:21
        • 17. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/ControllerDispatcher.php:45
        • 18. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:219
        • 19. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Route.php:176
        • 20. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Routing/Router.php:681
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        • 19. /app/Models/BaseModel.php:17
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        • 24. /vendor/facade/ignition/src/Views/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:36
        • 25. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:143
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        • 19. /app/Models/BaseModel.php:17
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        • 24. /vendor/facade/ignition/src/Views/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:36
        • 25. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:143
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        530μs/app/Models/BaseModel.php:17bookmart_bookmart
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        • 18. /app/Models/BaseModel.php:17
        • 20. view::guest.books.details:23
        • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:59
        • 23. /vendor/facade/ignition/src/Views/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:36
        • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:143
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        • 18. /app/Models/BaseModel.php:17
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        • 23. /vendor/facade/ignition/src/Views/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:36
        • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:143
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        310μs/app/Models/BaseModel.php:17bookmart_bookmart
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        • 19. /app/Models/BaseModel.php:17
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        • 25. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:143
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        • 19. /app/Models/BaseModel.php:17
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        • 25. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:143
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