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العلاقات الخليجية - الأميركية: هواجس السياسة والاقتصاد والأمن

العلاقات الخليجية - الأميركية: هواجس السياسة والاقتصاد والأمن

  • سنة النشر: 01 Jan 1970.
  • عدد مرات التحميل: 502882 مرّة / مرات.
  • تم نشره في: الإثنين , 14 ديسمبر 2015م.

وصف الكتاب:

يجمع كتاب العلاقات الخليجية - الأميركية: هواجس السياسة والاقتصاد والأمن، الصادر حديثًا عن المركز العربي للأبحاث ودراسة السياسات، بين دفتيه عشرة أوراقٍ بحثية قُدّمت في الدورة الخامسة لمنتدى دراسات الخليج والجزيرة العربية المنعقد في الدوحة (1-2 كانون الأول/ ديسمبر 2018)، وقسمت في ثلاثة أقسام؛ إذ يقدم أولها قراءةً في خلفية العلاقات الخليجية - الأميركية وتحدّياتها، ويدرس الثاني العلاقات الخليجية - الأميركية في ظلّ إدارة الرئيس دونالد ترامب، ويُعنى الثالث بدراسة الهواجس الأمنية والعسكرية والاقتصادية في العلاقات الخليجية - الأميركية. يتألف الكتاب (368 صفحة بالقطع الوسط، موثقًا ومفهرسًا) من 10 فصول موزعة في ثلاثة أقسام. القوة المهيمنة المتردّدة يشتمل القسم الأول من هذا الكتاب، "قراءة في خلفيات العلاقة وتحدياتها"، على ثلاثة فصول. وفي الفصل الأول، "الولايات المتحدة: القوة المهيمنة المتردّدة"، يعرض غاري سيك لتسارع وتيرة دخول الولايات المتحدة إلى منطقة الخليج العربي بعد الغزو العراقي للكويت، وتشكيلها ائتلافًا غير مسبوق نجح في هزيمة القوات العراقية؛ ما مكّن القوات الأميركية من غزو أفغانستان والعراق، وشنّ الحرب اللاحقة ضد العناصر الإرهابية في المنطقة كلها. وتوصّل إلى أن الولايات المتحدة تنعم اليوم بحضور عسكري قوي في دول الخليج العربية، وتُعدّ على نطاق واسع القوة المهيمنة في المنطقة. ويقول سيك إن الولايات المتحدة الأميركية مهيمنة في دول الخليج العربية اليوم، "إلا أن تاريخ ارتباطها بالمنطقة موسومٌ بالنفور والريبة والسياسات المتقلّبة. أما التحول في سياستها تجاه دول الخليج فطرأ في خضمّ الركود الطويل الأمد الذي امتد إلى الحرب العراقية - الإيرانية، ولا سيما بعد كارثة مبيعات الأسلحة السرية إلى إيران. فبات بعض الدول العربية، مثل الكويت التي كانت تمانع تنامي الوجود العسكري الأميركي في المنطقة، يُطالب بالحماية الأميركية لناقلاتها النفطية". قصور أميركي تجاه الشرق الأوسط يناقش روس هاريسون في الفصل الثاني، "قصور سياسة الولايات المتحدة الخارجية تجاه منطقة الشرق الأوسط"، مفهوم توازن القوى التقليدي القائم على النزعة الواقعية، فيرى أنه مفهوم عفا عليه الزمن بسبب الحقائق السائدة في الشرق الأوسط اليوم. وبحسب رأيه، لا يملك التنافس بين القوى الإقليمية الرئيسة، أي السعودية وتركيا وإيران، طابع المواجهة المباشرة، بل يحدث من خلال المشاركة بالوكالة في الدول التي مزّقتها الحروب الأهلية؛ وبما أن الخطر الأكبر الذي يهدّد المنطقة يتمثل بحدوث تصعيد غير مقصود، "فإن حصيلة اللعبة النهائية يجب أن تكون الأمن الجماعي والاستقرار، لا توازن القوى. فحتى لو توافَر توازن حقيقي للقوة، فإن هذا لن يحمي المنطقة من خطر المزيد من عدم الاستقرار في النظام السياسي الإقليمي". يضيف المؤلف أن توازن القوى بالمعنى التقليدي غير واقعي؛ نظرًا إلى وجود تفوّق عسكري تقليدي كمّي ونوعي فعلي لدول مجلس التعاون، مقارنةً بقدرات إيران العسكرية. وفي حال استمرار قصور سياسة الولايات المتحدة، من المرجح موازنة هذا التفوق من جانب إيران التي لديها خيارات لتعزيز علاقاتها بقوى إقليمية ودولية وفواعل لادولتية، على نحو قد يولّد حالة غير مرغوب فيها بالنسبة إلى دول مجلس التعاون والمنطقة العربية والولايات المتحدة. الولايات المتحدة وعُمان تُرجع سعاد بنت عبد الله بيت فاضل في الفصل الثالث، "السياسة الأميركية تجاه عُمان خلال القرنين التاسع عشر والعشرين"، العلاقات العمانية - الأميركية إلى فترات سبقت تولّي ابن سلطان الحكم. لكن هذه العلاقات لم تتطور إلا في عهد السلطان ابن تيمور بتوقيعه المعاهدة الأميركية - العمانية. بحسب الباحثة، يأتي سعي الولايات المتحدة إلى إقامة علاقات تجارية مع عمان نتيجةً لتشجيع تجّارها؛ رغبةً منهم في الحصول على امتيازات تجارية في الأراضي التابعة لعمان التي تُعدّ من أهم الموانئ التجارية في المنطقة. وشجع هذا الأمر الحكومة الأميركية على تمتين العلاقات السياسية بين البلدين. وعلى الرغم من حدوث بعض الاضطرابات في العلاقات العمانية - الأميركية، فإن هذه العلاقات بقيت قوية. واستمر التبادل التجاري بين عمان والولايات المتحدة، فكان يزداد، أو يقل، بحسب الأوضاع السياسية والاقتصادية التي يمر بها البلدان. ولم تكن الولايات المتحدة تشكل أي عائق بالنسبة إلى بريطانيا، إلى أن تغيّرت سياستها في المنطقة منذ ثلاثينيات القرن العشرين.

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شاهد المزيد
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النسخة الورقية 14.68 AED
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النسخة الورقية 29.00 AED
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النسخة الورقية 18.00 AED
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النسخة الورقية 30.00 AED
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  • تدمك:
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النسخة الورقية 37.00 AED
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قائمة الكتب

جميع الحقوق محفوظة © 2020

MessagesTimelineExceptionsViews24RouteQueries49Models190MailsGateSessionRequest
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        • 25. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:143
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        • 18. /app/Models/BaseModel.php:17
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        • 19. /app/Models/BaseModel.php:17
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        • 25. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:143
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        • 18. /app/Models/BaseModel.php:17
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        • 18. /app/Models/BaseModel.php:17
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        • 18. /app/Models/BaseModel.php:17
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        • 18. /app/Models/BaseModel.php:17
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        • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:59
        • 23. /vendor/facade/ignition/src/Views/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:36
        • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:143
      • select * from `products` where `products`.`book_id` = 2228 and `products`.`book_id` is not null
        320μs/app/Models/BaseModel.php:17bookmart_bookmart
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 2228
        Backtrace
        • 18. /app/Models/BaseModel.php:17
        • 20. view::guest.home.book:28
        • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:59
        • 23. /vendor/facade/ignition/src/Views/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:36
        • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:143
      • select * from `publishers` where `publishers`.`id` = 793 limit 1
        300μs/app/Models/BaseModel.php:17bookmart_bookmart
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 793
        Backtrace
        • 19. /app/Models/BaseModel.php:17
        • 21. view::guest.home.book:2
        • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:59
        • 24. /vendor/facade/ignition/src/Views/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:36
        • 25. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:143
      • select * from `authors` where `authors`.`id` = 449 limit 1
        340μs/app/Models/BaseModel.php:17bookmart_bookmart
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 449
        Backtrace
        • 19. /app/Models/BaseModel.php:17
        • 21. view::guest.home.book:18
        • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:59
        • 24. /vendor/facade/ignition/src/Views/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:36
        • 25. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:143
      • select `categories`.*, `book_category`.`book_id` as `pivot_book_id`, `book_category`.`category_id` as `pivot_category_id` from `categories` inner join `book_category` on `categories`.`id` = `book_category`.`category_id` where `book_category`.`book_id` = 2229
        320μs/app/Models/BaseModel.php:17bookmart_bookmart
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 2229
        Backtrace
        • 18. /app/Models/BaseModel.php:17
        • 20. view::guest.home.book:24
        • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:59
        • 23. /vendor/facade/ignition/src/Views/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:36
        • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:143
      • select * from `products` where `products`.`book_id` = 2229 and `products`.`book_id` is not null
        350μs/app/Models/BaseModel.php:17bookmart_bookmart
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. 2229
        Backtrace
        • 18. /app/Models/BaseModel.php:17
        • 20. view::guest.home.book:28
        • 22. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:59
        • 23. /vendor/facade/ignition/src/Views/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:36
        • 24. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/View.php:143
      • select distinct * from `categories`
        570μs/app/Http/View/Composers/LayoutComposer.php:18bookmart_bookmart
        Metadata
        Backtrace
        • 14. /app/Http/View/Composers/LayoutComposer.php:18
        • 16. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Container/Container.php:843
        • 17. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Container/Container.php:681
        • 18. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Foundation/Application.php:785
        • 19. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Container/Container.php:629
      • select * from `cms_contents` where (`locale` = 'ar' and `page` = 'general') limit 1
        990μs/vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Support/Traits/ForwardsCalls.php:23bookmart_bookmart
        Metadata
        Bindings
        • 0. ar
        • 1. general
        Backtrace
        • 16. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/Support/Traits/ForwardsCalls.php:23
        • 19. /app/Content/Models/PagesRepository.php:48
        • 20. /app/Content/ContentProvider.php:45
        • 21. view::guest.layout.footer:1
        • 23. /vendor/laravel/framework/src/Illuminate/View/Engines/CompilerEngine.php:59
      App\Content\Models\DataBaseModel
      1
      App\Models\Product
      11
      App\Models\Category
      145
      App\Models\Publisher
      11
      App\Models\Author
      11
      App\Models\Book
      11
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