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تبدو الشعبوية لمَن يتتبّع دلالتها في الدراسات العائدة للاختصاصيين من حقولٍ وميادين علمية مُختلفة، والذين جمعهم كِتاب «أوضاع العالم 2019»، كطائرِ الفينيق الأسطوري الشهير الذي كان يعاود الانبعاث مرّة بعد مرّة. فيستهلّ برتران بادي بالحديث عن «عودها الأبدي» مرّة، و«عَودها اللجوج» مرّة أخرى. لكنّ الأبد الذي يشير إليه بادي هو أبدٌ له بداية. وهو يبدأ عند أستاذ عِلم السياسة غي هيرميه في أواخر القرن التاسع عشر، الحقبة التي شهدت ولادة الشعبويات الأولى: النارودنيكي الروس، والبولانجيين الفرنسيين، وحزب الشعب الأميركي، والإيروغينية الأرجنتينية. وإذا كانت مَوجة الشعبويات الأولى ستنتهي لأسبابٍ مُختلفة (الثورة البلشفيّة في روسيا، الجمهورية الرابعة في فرنسا، الانقلاب العسكري في الأرجنتين)، إلّا أنّ مَوجة ثانية ستولد فيما بين الحربَيْن العالميّتَين؛ ففي دراسته «الفاشية، أسطورية الحقد وسياسته»، يجعل زئيف شتيرنيل من الفاشية الإيطالية محور هذه الشعبوية وأساسها، في حين ستخلف البوجادية البولانجية في فرنسا. ولا يتردّد دومينيك باري في دراسته «ماو وخلفاؤه وخطّ الجماهير»، في إدراج ماو تسي تونغ «وشعبويّته الريفية» بين أقطابها. ويجعل الباحث في عِلم الاجتماع والفيلسوف الفرنسي رافاييل ليوجيه في دراسته «الشعبوية المائِعَة في الديمقراطيات الغربية» من فيديل كاسترو، زعيماً شعبوياً لداعي افتراض تجسيد الزعيم للشعب بكليتة
اشترك الان في النشرة الاٍخبارية و ترقب استقبال افضل عروضنا علي بريدك الاٍلكتروني
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